Pt/NbPWO双功能催化剂的制备及氢解碱木质素制备芳香单体

木质素是一种天然芳香族聚合物,约占木质纤维素的30%,是唯一通过裂解C―O醚键和C―C键生产芳香族化学品或液体燃料的可再生芳香族资源。迄今为止,对木质素氢解制备有价值化合物的研究主要集中在相对不稳定的C―O键的裂解上,这限制了木质素氢解的效率。采用水热法和湿浸渍法制备了多功能Pt/NbPWO催化剂。通过破坏碱木质素中的C―O键和C―C键,可以得到产率为18.02%的芳香族单体。该反应不仅可以断裂木质素聚合物中醚键,同时也可以断裂部分关键的C―C键。其氢解机理可能是丰富的Brønsted酸和Lewis酸位点参与了C―C的活化。此外,重点分析载体和Pt物种在Pt/NbPWO催化剂中的协同作用。     

不确定非线性结构动力响应的区间分析方法

研究多自由度非线性不确定参数系统的动力响应问题. 以区间数学为基础，将不确定 性参数用区间进行定量化，借助一阶Taylor级数，给出了近似估计非线性振动系统动力响 应范围的区间分析方法. 从数学证明和数值算例两方面，将其与概率摄动有限元法进行了比 较，结果显示区间分析方法对不确定参数先验信息具有要求较少、精度较高的优点.     

The impact of high order refraction on optical microbubble sizing in multiphase flows

High order refractions have been found to have a great impact on optical particle sizing using phase-Doppler anemometry (PDA) especially when the relative refractive index of the media is less than one. The high order refractions cannot be neglected because of the differences in spatial frequencies and motion directions of each order. A model of phase-size correlation is proposed that considers these high order refractions. By using the conversion factors of the high order refractions, the particle diameter can be determined. The capability of the newly developed method was evaluated by using generalized Lorenz Mie theory (GLMT), which was validated by experiments. The results of the simulation and experiments are compared with those based on the conventional method. An optimization method for accurately sizing air bubbles in water has been suggested.     

Six‐wave mixing induced by free‐carrier plasma in silicon nanowire waveguides

Nonlinear wave mixing in mesoscopic silicon structures is a fundamental nonlinear process with broad impact and applications. Silicon nanowire waveguides, in particular, have large third‐order Kerr nonlinearity, enabling salient and abundant four‐wave‐mixing dynamics and functionalities. Besides the Kerr effect, in silicon waveguides two‐photon absorption generates high free‐carrier densities, with corresponding fifth‐order nonlinearity in the forms of free‐carrier dispersion and free‐carrier absorption. However, whether these fifth‐order free‐carrier nonlinear effects can lead to six‐wave‐mixing dynamics still remains an open question until now. Here we report the demonstration of free‐carrier‐induced six‐wave mixing in silicon nanowires. Unique features, including inverse detuning dependence of six‐wave‐mixing efficiency and its higher sensitivity to pump power, are originally observed and verified by analytical prediction and numerical modeling. Additionally, asymmetric sideband generation is observed for different laser detunings, resulting from the phase‐sensitive interactions between free‐carrier six‐wave‐mixing and Kerr four‐wave‐mixing dynamics. These discoveries provide a new path for nonlinear multi‐wave interactions in nanoscale platforms.

     

随机扰动的同宿分岔系统研究

利用一维扩展过程的奇点理论并结合能量包络的随机平均法，考查“隐藏在余维２分岔点之后”的同宿分岔系统受参激白噪声影响的分岔行为。     

DYNAMIC SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF CAPTURE AND BUFFER SYSTEM BASED ON CLAW-TYPE DOCKING MECHANISM

现有在轨服务的对接机构由于其尺寸大、结构复杂、对接目标单一等局限性因素,无法很好地为后续我国探月工程任务提供有力支撑,且受限于运载能力,对接机构的轻量化也是必不可少的一项环节.为研究可服务于未来月球空间站以及载人登月等高轨道任务的对接机构,设计了一种新型抱爪式对接机构,其采用异体同构周边式构型,可以实现主/被动飞行器之间的互换.利用 V 型槽与爪钩等结构部件实现飞行器对接过程中的捕获以 及能量消耗功能,从而实现两飞行器之间的稳固联接.该对接机构具备尺寸小、重量轻、结构简单、功能易实现等优势. 对其捕获缓冲系统进行了动力学分析,计算了缓冲元器件的参数对其捕获性能的影响,在 ADAMS 完成了数字虚拟样机的建立,结合实际两种典型的对接初始条件工况进行了仿真研究.研究结果表明,两种工况下的对接过程能量消耗满足设计要求,能够以较小的 V 型槽的碰撞力完成捕获,结果证明了捕获缓冲系统的可行性以及该构型对接机构具备较好实现任务的能力.     

非牛顿流体有限长粗糙轴承分析

本文采用H.Christense力提出的随机粗糙模型,推导了幂律型流体纵向粗糙型和横向粗糙型润滑雷诺方程和相应的承载力、流量系数和摩擦系数的计算公式.对有限长动载径向轴承纵向粗糙型雷诺方程,用差分方法进行数值求解,得到了粗糙度和幂律指数对轴承的压力分布、承载力、流量系数和摩擦系数影响曲线,并有表面粗糙度和润滑油的非牛顿特性独立地影响轴承油膜力学特性的结论.     

Characterization of particle-laden, confined swirling flows by phase-doppler anemometry and numerical calculation

The particle dispersion characteristics in a confined swirling flow with a swirl number of approx. 0.5 were studied in detail by performing measurements using phase-Doppler anemometry (PDA) and numerical predictions. A mixture of gas and particles was injected without swirl into the test section, while the swirling airstream was provided through a co-flowing annular inlet. Two cases with different primary jet exit velocities were considered. For these flow conditions, a closed central recirculation bubble was established just downstream of the inlet.

The PDA measurements allowed the correlation between particle size and velocity to be obtained and also the spatial change in the particle size distribution throughout the flow field. For these results, the behaviour of different size classes in the entire particle size spectrum, ranging from about 15 to 80 μm, could be studied, and the response of the particles to the mean flow and the gas turbulence could be characterized. Due to the response characteristics of particles with different diameters to the mean flow and the flow turbulence, a considerable separation of the particles was observed which resulted in a streamwise increase in the particle mean number diameter in the core region of the central recirculation bubble. For the lower particle inlet velocity (i.e. low primary jet exit velocity), this effect is more pronounced, since here the particles have more time to respond to the flow reversal and the swirl velocity component. This also gave a higher mass of recirculating particle material.

The numerical predictions of the gas flow were performed by solving the time-averaged Navier-Stokes equations in connection with the well known kε turbulence model. Although this turbulence model is based on the assumption of isotropic turbulence, the agreement of the calculated mean velocity profiles compared to the measured gas velocities is very good. The gas-phase turbulent kinetic energy, however, is considerably underpredicted in the initial mixing region. The particle dispersion characteristics were calculated by using the Lagrangian approach, where the influence of the particulate phase on the gas flow could be neglected, since only very low mass loadings were considered. The calculated results for the particle mean velocity and the mass flux are also in good agreement with the experiments. Furthermore, the change in the particle mean diameter throughout the flow field was predicted approximately, which shows that the applied simple stochastic dispersion model also gives good results for such very complex flows. The variation of the gas and particle velocity in the primary inlet had a considerable impact on the particle dispersion behaviour in the swirling flow and the particle residence time in the central recirculation bubble, which could be determined from the numerical calculations. For the lower particle inlet velocity, the maximum particle size-dependence residence time within the recirculation region was considerably shifted towards larger particles.     

Interval analysis method and convex models for impulsive response of structures with uncertain-but-bounded external loads

Two non-probabilistic, set-theoretical methods for determining the maximum and minimum impulsive responses of structures to uncertain-but-bounded impulses are presented. They are, respectively, based on the theories of interval mathematics and convex models. The uncertain-but-bounded impulses are assumed to be a convex set, hyper-rectangle or ellipsoid. For the two non-probabilistic methods, less prior information is required about the uncertain nature of impulses than the probabilistic model. Comparisons between the interval analysis method and the convex model, which are developed as an anti-optimization problem of finding the least favorable impulsive response and the most favorable impulsive response, are made through mathematical analyses and numerical calculations. The results of this study indicate that under the condition of the interval vector being determined from an ellipsoid containing the uncertain impulses, the width of the impulsive responses predicted by the interval analysis method is larger than that by the convex model; under the condition of the ellipsoid being determined from an interval vector containing the uncertain impulses, the width of the interval impulsive responses obtained by the interval analysis method is smaller than that by the convex model.The project supported by the National Outstanding Youth Science Foundation of China (10425208), the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Institute of Engineering Physics of China (10376002) The English text was polished by Keren Wang.